An Intermodular Active Balancing Topology for Efficient Operation of High Voltage Battery Packs in Li-Ion Based Energy Storage Systems: Switched (Flying) DC/DC Converter

To meet the load voltage and power requirements for various specific needs, a typical lithium–ion battery (LIB) pack consists of different parallel series combinations individual cells in modules, which can go as high tens connections each module, reaching hundreds even thousands at (HV) levels. The inhomogeneity among modules results imbalances during operation reduces overall system efficiency. In this work, robust flexible active balancing topology is presented. It not only mitigate charge imbalance within i.e., intramodular equalization, but also help to balance state (SoC) level pack, intermodular an often-overlooked topic. proposed concept was proven by experimental verification on configurations realistically sized practical management (BMS) hardware, when LIB both idle under load.